‘Immersion hypothermia’ is an acute type of hypothermia produced when a person is immersed in cold water such as experienced in Victoria in winter.

The time is very short when you include the time lost before a search and rescue operation is under way.

The heat escape lessening posture (HELP) pictured combats hypothermia and can be a lifesaver for people in cold water.

The HUDDLE position can also be used if there is more than one person in the water. To reduce body heat loss, make sure you stay close (huddle together) and remain still.

Key points for treatment of hypothermia

1. Remove the person from the cold-inducing environment. 

2. Protect the person from cold wind. 

3. Remove wet clothing if practical. 

4. Warm victim with dry blankets, towels or skin-to-skin contact. 

5. Warm the area of high heat loss, that is, head and neck, sides of chest, armpits, and groin. Do not warm, rub or massage limbs. This stimulates the skin and takes warm blood away from vital organs. 

6. Observe the person for deterioration in condition. 

7. Manage an unconscious person by placing them in the lateral position, making sure their airway is clear. Continue warming procedures. 

8. Do not give the person alcohol. 

9. Do not allow the person to walk around. 

10. Seek medical assistance.